Research Paper on Pain Management
HEALING TOUCH ACUPRESSURE
RESEARCH PAPER;PAIN MANAGEMENT
REFERRED BY;MR. S.C. SHARMA
PRESENTED BY: MR VINAY GUPTA
Q.1)WHAT IS PAIN?
Ans.Pain is the major&common problem for whose a patient comes to you,whether it is cervical pain,lumbar pain,sciatica pain,knee pain,abdominal pain or any type of problem you will see 80%of people suffered from a pain. Pain as a chapter or as a topic we define pain as an unpleasant feeling which is important for us as likewise fever who alarms us that something unusual happening inside our body.Another example under pain is if a pin hurts you the immediate reaction is to far away the hand from the pin.This symptom guides you to survive by giving alarm that something is hurting you.Pain can be physical or emotionally.
[EMOTIONAL PAIN ACUPRESSURE TREATMENT: P6 TONE]
Q.2)HOW WE GET THE SENSATION OF PAIN?
Ans.There are different types of sense receptors in our body which gives us sense of pain.Fot example there are receptors for heat sensation,receptor for touch sensation,receptor for pressure sensation these all give sensation of pain. A practical example is that if there is excess heat in body&creates pain and there is too much pressure if we apply on body it gives severe pain. Nerve endings in the body are the receptors of pain sensation to understand the stimuli with the body.For example if i touch something who gives sensation of touch,it is done by the nerve endings in the hands who takes stimuli of touch brings to the spine and then to the brain at micro seconds.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/sensory-nerve-ending
(Link for diagram of Nerve Endings)
TWO PARTS OF BRAIN WHO ARE ANALYSIS THE PAIN : THALAMUS+CEREBAL CORTEX
Nociceptor are the sensory receptors who gives sensation of pain to us.
A nociceptor ("pain receptor" from Latin nocere 'to harm or hurt') is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending "possible threat" signals[1][2][3] to the spinal cord and the brain. The brain creates the sensation of pain to direct attention to the body part, so the threat can be mitigated; this process is called nociception.
(LINK FOR DIAGRAMS):
https://www.dovepress.com/nociceptors-their-role-in-bodys-defenses-tissue-specific-variations-an-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR
These nociceptors are found in skin,muscles,tissues,joints&also deep inside in the body in the scattered form.These nociceptors from the *Afferent Nerve fiber take the impulse to the spine(specially to the dorsal horn or prosterior horn)goes to spine and then moving up through a pathway called "spinothalamic tract"&through this tract goes to THALAMUS.After going to the THALAMUS it goes to the cortex.- FREE NERVE ENDINGS: Free nerve endings are unencapsulated and have no complex sensory structures.They are the most common type of nerve ending,and are most frequently found in the dermis around the base of hair follicles and close to the surface of the skin(epidermis)where the hair emerges from the skin..These are also called as Pain Receptors
- ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDING:Encapsulated nerve endings have brush borders that increase the specificity of nerve impulse transmission.They can also be fluid-filled sacs that can form encapsulations. Ruffini endings and Meissner's corpuscles are mechanoreceptors that contain encapsulated nerve endings.
- SENSORY CELL:Sensory receptors are present throughout the body externally as well as in the internal organs. Sensory receptors detect changes in the internal as well as external environment.
Sensory receptors comprise specialised cells close to neurons or neuron endings, which are a part of the afferent neurons and send signals to the central nervous system and brain for processing and integration.
Sensory receptors along with certain specialsed cells form sense organs. We all are familiar with our five main senses, i.e. hearing, taste, sight, touch and smell but we also perceive many other signals such as pain, pressure, temperature, balance, muscle tens etc.
- PERIPHERAL PROCESSES:Your peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of two main parts of your body’s nervous system. Your PNS feeds information into your brain from most of your senses. It carries signals that allow you to move your muscles. Your PNS also delivers signals that your brain uses to control vital, unconscious processes like your heartbeat and breathing.
- MECHANICAL
- THERMAL(Temperature)
- CHEMICAL:There are different types of chemicals produced by nerve endings:
These are all present at the back part of the brain including mid brain,spinal cord, pons and medulla are responsible for pain management in body.
For EXAMPLE TAKE FROM ACUPRESSURE:Take LEFT HAND SMALL FINGER
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